Rectal bleeding can be described as the bleeding problem that occurs in the lower colon, or the rectum, which consists of the last few inches of the large intestines. This occurrence becomes evident during or soon after bowel movements. Rectal bleeding is normally evident in the form of bloody stools; at times, people may not really see any blood present in the stools, but may notice spots of blood on the toilet paper or perhaps in the bowl.


The color of the blood may vary, ranging from pinkish, to bright red, or even dark maroon. Some people could experience rectal bleeding as a one time occurrence, whereas others may face this problem more often. Although there could be several reasons for rectal bleeding, the most common ones are hemorrhoids and constipation.


In fact, studies indicate that most people are likely to simply ignore the first couple of instances of rectal bleeding, as they simply pass it off for constipation or a hemorrhoid. However, leaving rectal bleeding unchecked could be a big mistake, as it could lead to numerous complications later on. For example, the bleeding may be caused by nothing more than a hemorrhoid; however, if the hemorrhoid is not treated with the help of the right medication, diet and lifestyle changes, it could become thrombosed and severe, which usually requires surgery.

Fortunately, in most instances, rectal bleeding can be cured by addressing its underlying cause; however, if the blood is present within the stool, or if traces of blood are visible on the undergarment, it may be imperative to seek emergency medical care.

Reasons for Rectal Bleeding

There could be several factors that could lead to the bleeding from the rectum. Given below are some of the most common reasons for rectal bleeding:

• Anal fissures
• Crohn’s disease  
• Ulcerative colitis
• Colon polyps 
• Rectal prolapse 
• Pseudomembranous colitis 
• Angiodysplasia 
• Ischemic colitis 
• Diverticulosis 
• Hemorrhoids 
• Anal cancer
• Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome 
• Radiation therapy 
• Peptic ulcers 
• Inflammatory bowel disease 
• Food poisoning 
• Diarrhea 
• Constipation 
• Colon cancer
  

In most instances, people experience rectal bleeding without any other accompanying symptoms. However, at times, there is a possibility for a person to notice other accompanying symptoms in addition to rectal bleeding. Unfortunately, the presence of such accompanying symptoms is almost always a major cause for concern and therefore, the person may have to visit the emergency room for immediate treatment. Given below are a few accompanying symptoms of rectal bleeding that require immediate action:

• Shallow and rapid breathing
• Low output of urine 
• Blurriness in vision 
• Lightheadedness or dizziness, especially after standing up 
• Fainting spells 
• Nausea 
• Pale, cold and clammy skin 
• Confusion
  

The flow of rectal bleeding is usually very light - just a few drops of blood at a time. However, though rare, it is possible for the flow to be continuous and heavy. This could require emergency surgery and so it is necessary to get immediate medical assistance. 

Making assumptions about what the possible reasons for rectal bleeding in a particular instance are could be very dangerous. It is absolutely imperative for everyone to visit a doctor and undergo a detailed physical exam, so that the exact reasons for rectal bleeding can be highlighted and the treatment for rectal bleeding can proceed accordingly. Unfortunately, even though many people tend to ignore the first one or two instances of rectal bleeding, it is bound to cause them a lot of stress and concern. Delaying the tests could worsen the situation, by causing further problems. Health experts often advise people to seek medical attention without any delay, as an early diagnosis will lead to timely treatment and this will shorten the period of recovery.