When there is a tear or unnatural crack in the skin of the anal canal, it is said to be an anal fissure. You will notice it when you find bright red blood marks on the toilet paper or on the toilet seat. The depth of the fissure may be superficial and just at the anal opening, or go down to the sphincter muscle underneath. In severe or acute cases it causes pain after defecation. An itching sensation could be prominent. Superficial anal fissures heal in two weeks time on their own, but if the crack is deeper, blood supply to the anal mucosa is disrupted and may get infected with fecal bacteria.
What are the Causes?
An anal fissure is triggered by various reasons. Most often the reason is the stretching of the anal mucosa beyond its ability. It is more common in women after childbirth, after difficult bowel movements, and constipation. It could be caused by unbalanced diet and erratic lifestyle. The reasons include vitamin B 6 deficiencies, fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, diarrhea, syphilis, tuberculosis, suppressed immune system, anal cancer, and HIV infection.
Are there any remedies? The efficient way to treat anal fissure is to include foods rich in dietary fiber. Drink ample amounts of water and fresh fruit juices. Eating more of fruits and green leafy vegetables will prevent constipation. Avoid straining while defecating. If you suffer from diarrhea, get treated for it immediately to reduce anal strain. Otherwise, it might result in the rectum tissues becoming softer and turning sore.
Let anal hygiene be your priority. Use soft toilet paper and wash well with water after defecation. Be gentle while wiping the sores or they could open when rubbed too hard. Avoid colored and scented toilet paper. You may use a chamomile and witch hazel mixture to clean the area. They help in healing the fissures. In case of suspected fissures use a lubricating ointment. You may apply wheat germ oil on the infected area to reduce the itchy feeling. A warm bath is beneficial to soothe the painful fissures. Dry the area after every bowel movement or wash to avoid any infection.
Avoid scratching the affected area with fingernails as this can tear the tissues. Sitting can be painful when you suffer from anal fissures. Use a pillow that you find comfortable.
In case of painful and deep anal fissures that do not heal on their own, it is desirable to consult a physician for suitable treatment or surgery.
answered by G M