Manufactured and marketed by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company, Merthiolate tincture found many uses, mainly as a topical antiseptic for the treatment of cuts and wounds and as an antifungal agent. Thimerosal was also used as a preservative in vaccines, immunogoblin preparations and in various ophthalmic and nasal products.
The chemical has a potent action against staphylococcus bacteria and fungi. Its use in vaccines as a preservative, helped prevent life-threatening infections that would sometimes occur in children who were vaccinated during childhood. Vaccines that contain thimerosal include the diphtheria and tetanus (DT) vaccine and the tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine.
Thimerosal is also used in the preparation of antivenins for treating certain types of snake and spider bites.
Merthiolate tincture was also used to treat fungal infections including nail fungus.
Its use in vaccines has been phased out in the U.S and in Europe, although certain vaccines may still contain traces of the compound. The World Health Organization has advised that it has found no evidence of toxicity in vaccines containing thimerosal, probably why these vaccines are still in widespread use outside of North America and Europe.
Thimerosal is extremely toxic whether it is ingested, inhaled or comes into contact with skin. Poisoning occurs when large amounts of the chemical are swallowed, inhaled or applied to the skin. Poisoning may also occur if you come into contact with small amounts consistently over time.
Symptoms of thimerosal poisoning include:
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Decreased urination
- Constricted and swollen throat
- Difficulty in breathing
- A metallic taste in the mouth
- Mouth ulcers
- Seizures
- Shock
- Feeling extremely thirsty
- Nausea and vomiting
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