Lichen sclerosus may affect the skin of any body part. In the early stage of the disease, small, white spots appear on the skin. These spots are smooth and shiny. In the advanced stage of disease, these spots develop into bigger patches. The skin on these patches becomes very thin and crinkled. Bright red or purple bruises are commonly found. Discomfort and itching are the most commonly found symptoms. Some additional symptoms are tenderness of the skin of affected area, easily tearing skin and blisters. Bleeding and ulcerated lesions can be seen in some severe cases.
The exact cause for Lichen sclerosus is not clear. Hormone problems and excessively active immune system may play a significant role in causing this disorder. It is most common in the postmenopausal women, generally involves the vulva. This disorder is common in uncircumcised males as the foreskin is commonly affected by this disease.
The diagnosis is based on the physical examination. The doctor removes a piece of affected tissue (this procedure is known as biopsy) and examines it under the microscope.
If the patches caused by Lichen sclerosus are on the parts other that genital areas, then they need not to be treated. But, if the genital skin is affected, then it should be immediately treated. It can cause problems during sex or urination. There is a little possibility of development of skin cancer in these patches. Usually, the doctors prescribe corticosteroid creams or ointments for application which are much effective. Other treatments include immune-modulating medications, prescription sex hormones and ultra-violet light treatment for the non-genital areas. For men, circumcision (removal of foreskin) is recommended.
